With the development of various ideological movements among the Jews of Galicia and Bukovina in the second half of the 19th century, modern political, communal and educational organizations were established alongside the traditional Jewish charities and religious associations (havarot). These voluntarily organizations mirrored the unique social, economic and religious makeup of every community. These organizations took part in all areas of everyday Jewish life: welfare, employment, education, and religious and cultural life. Some of the organizations were an integral part of the regional activity of social and political movements such as the Haskala (Jewish enlightenment), the Zionist movement, Yiddishism and the socialist movement.
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